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"New York, New York" and "NYC" redirect here. For other uses, see New York, New York (disambiguation) and NYC (disambiguation).
| City of New York | |||
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| Nickname: The Big Apple, The City That Never Sleeps, Gotham, The Capital of The World (Novum Caput Mundi), The Empire City, The City So Nice: They Named It Twice. | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | United States | ||
| State | New York | ||
| Boroughs | The Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island | ||
| Settled | 1624 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Michael Bloomberg (I)"Bloomberg Leaving GOP". WCBS-TV. Accessed 19 June 2007. | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 468.9 sq mi (1,214.4 km²) | ||
| - Land | 303.3 sq mi (785.6 km²) | ||
| - Water | 165.6 sq mi (428.8 km²) | ||
| - Urban | 3,352.6 sq mi (8,683.2 km²) | ||
| - Metro | 6,720 sq mi (17,405 km²) | ||
| Elevation | 33 ft (10 m) | ||
| Population (2007)Manhattan:Popuation Milestone (html). New York Times. Retrieved on February 28, 2008. | |||
| - City | 8,250,567 (World: 13th, U.S.: 1st) | ||
| - Density | 27,203/sq mi (10,502/km²) | ||
| - Urban | 18,498,000 | ||
| - Metro | 18,818,536 | ||
| - Demonym | New Yorker | ||
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
| Area code(s) | 212, 718, 917, 347, 646 | ||
| Website: www.nyc.gov | |||
New York City (pronounced /nʲuːˈjɔɹk/) (officially The City of New York) is the most populous city in the United States, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world. It has been the largest city in the United States since 1790. For more than a century, it has been one of the world\'s major centers of commerce and finance. New York City is rated as an alpha world city for its global influences in media, politics, education, entertainment, arts and fashion. The city is also a major center for foreign affairs, hosting the headquarters of the United Nations.
New York City comprises five boroughs, each of which is coextensive with a county: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. With over 8.2 million residents within an area of 322 square miles (830 km²), New York City is the most densely populated major city in the United States.Union City, New Jersey is more densely populated but has a population of 63,930.2000 Census: US Municipalities Over 50,000: Ranked by 2000 Density. Demographia. Retrieved on 2007-06-12.Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Metropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-07-26.
Many of the city\'s neighborhoods and landmarks are known around the world. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, at Ellis Island, a small part of which lies within the city. Wall Street, in Lower Manhattan, has been a dominant global financial center since World War II and is home to the New York Stock Exchange. The city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world, including the Empire State Building and the twin towers of the World Trade Center, which were destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.
New York is the birthplace of many American cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art, abstract expressionism (also known as the New York School) in painting, and hip hop,Toop, David (1992). Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop. Serpents Tail. ISBN 1852422432. punk,Scaruffi, Piero. A timeline of the USA. Retrieved on 2007-10-06. salsa, and Tin Pan Alley in music. In 2005, nearly 170 languages were spoken in the city and 36% of its population was born outside the United States.Queens: Economic Development and the State of the Borough Economy (PDF). New York State Office of the State Comptroller (June 2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-21.The Newest New Yorkers: 2000 (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning (2005). Retrieved on 2007-03-27. With its 24-hour subway and constant bustling of traffic and people, New York is known as "The City That Never Sleeps;" it was first linked with "Gotham" by Washington Irving in 1807.Irving\'s mocking Salmagundi Papers, 1807, noted by Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York to 1898\'\' (Oxford) 1999:xii.
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Lower Manhattan in 1660, when it was part of New Amsterdam. North is to the right.
The region was inhabited by about 5,000 Lenape Native Americans at the time of its European discovery in 1524"Gotham Center for New York City History" Timeline 1500 - 1700 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian explorer in the service of the French crown, who called it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême).Rankin, Rebecca B., Cleveland Rodgers (1948). New York: the World\'s Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress. Harper. European settlement began with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement, later called "Nieuw Amsterdam" (New Amsterdam), on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1614. Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Lenape in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders (legend, now disproved, says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads).The message of the purchase, which was sent to Amsterdam, is present in the National Archive in The Hague.Miller, Christopher L., George R. Hamell (September 1986). "A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade". The Journal of American History 73 (2). Retrieved on 2007-03-21. In 1664, the English conquered the city and renamed it "New York" after the English Duke of York and Albany.Homberger, Eric (2005). The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City\'s History. Owl Books, p. 34. ISBN 0805078428. At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War the Dutch gained control of Run (a much more valuable asset at the time) in exchange for the English controlling New Amsterdam (New York) in North America. By 1700, the Lenape population was diminished to 200."Gotham Center for New York City History" Timeline 1700-1800
New York City grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King\'s College in Lower Manhattan.Moore, Nathaniel Fish (1876). An Historical Sketch of Columbia College, in the City of New York, 1754-1876. Columbia College, p. 8. The city emerged as the theater for a series of major battles known as the New York Campaign during the American Revolutionary War. The Continental Congress met in New York City and in 1789 the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated at Federal Hall on Wall Street.The People\'s Vote: President George Washington\'s First Inaugural Speech (1789). U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved on 2007-05-28.
Mulberry Street, on Manhattan\'s Lower East Side, circa 1900.
In the 19th century, the city was transformed by immigration and development. A visionary development proposal, the Commissioners\' Plan of 1811, expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan, and the 1819 opening of the Erie Canal connected the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the North American interior.Bridges, William (1811). Map Of The City Of New York And Island Of Manhattan With Explanatory Remarks And References. ; Lankevich (1998), pp. 67–68. By 1835, New York City had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States. Local politics fell under the domination of Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish immigrants.Mushkat, Jerome Mushkat (1990). Fernando Wood: A Political Biography. Kent State University Press, p. 36. ISBN 087338413X. Public-minded members of the old merchant aristocracy lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which became the first landscaped park in an American city in 1857. A significant free-black population also existed in Manhattan, as well as in Brooklyn. Slaves had been held in New York through 1827, but during the 1830s New York became a center of interracial abolitionist activism in the North.
Anger at military conscription during the American Civil War (1861–1865) led to the Draft Riots of 1863, one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.Cook, Adrian (1974). The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863, pp. 193-195. In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then an independent city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens.The 100 Year Anniversary of the Consolidation of the 5 Boroughs into New York City, New York City. Accessed June 29, 2007. The opening of the New York City Subway in 1904 helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. However, this development did not come without a price. In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city\'s worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies\' Garment Workers\' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards.Cornell University Library: Triangle Factory Fire. Cornell University. Retrieved on 2007-03-12.
Midtown Manhattan, New York City, from Rockefeller Center, 1932.
In the 1920s, New York City was a major destination for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South. By 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance flourished during the era of Prohibition, coincident with a larger economic boom that saw the skyline develop with the construction of competing skyscrapers. New York City became the most populous city in the world in 1948, overtaking London, which had reigned for over a century. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello LaGuardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.Allen, Oliver E. (1993). "Chapter 9: The Decline", The Tiger – The Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Returning World War II veterans and immigrants from Europe created a postwar economic boom and the development of huge housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed and the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America\'s ascendance as the world\'s dominant economic power, the United Nations headquarters (completed in 1950) emphasizing New York\'s political influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitating New York\'s displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.Burns, Ric (2003-08-22). The Center of the World - New York: A Documentary Film (Transcript). PBS. Retrieved on 2006-07-20. In the 1960s, New York suffered from economic problems, rising crime rates and racial tension, which reached a peak in the 1970s.
The view of New York City showing the Statue of Liberty, Empire State Building, and the World Trade Center, July 2001.
In the 1980s, a resurgence in the financial industry improved the city\'s fiscal health. By the 1990s, racial tensions had calmed, crime rates dropped dramatically, and waves of new immigrants arrived from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in the city\'s economy and New York\'s population reached an all-time high in the 2000 census.
The city was one of the sites of the September 11, 2001 attacks, when nearly 3,000 people died in the destruction of the World Trade Center. The Freedom Tower will be built on the site and is scheduled for completion in 2012.Rebuilding the WTC. Silverstein Properties. Retrieved on 2007-10-11.
Satellite image showing the core of the New York metropolitan area. Over 10 million people live in the entire area.
New York City is located in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston.Washington, D.C. is 228 miles (367 km) driving distance from New York City, and Boston is 217 miles (349 km) driving distance from New York. - Google Maps The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading city. Much of New York is built on the three islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island, making land scarce and encouraging a high population density.
The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary.Information about the Hudson River estuary. The Hudson separates the city from New Jersey. The East River, actually a tidal strait, flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates Manhattan from the Bronx.
The city\'s land has been altered considerably by human intervention, with substantial land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times. Reclamation is most notable in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s.Gillespie, Angus K. (1999). Twin Towers: The Life of New York City\'s World Trade Center. Rutgers University Press, p. 71. Some of the natural variations in topography have been evened out, particularly in Manhattan.Lopate , Phillip (2004). Waterfront: A Walk Around Manhattan. Anchor Press. ISBN 0385497148.
The city\'s land area is 322 sq mi (831.4 km²).Land Use Facts. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved on 2007-03-13. New York City\'s total area is 468.9 sq mi (1,214.4 km²). 159.88 sq mi (414.09 km²) of this is water and 321 sq mi (831 km²) is land. The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which at 409.8 ft (124.9 m) above sea level is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine.Lundrigan, Margaret (2004). Staten Island: Isle of the Bay, NY. Arcadia Publishing, p. 10. The summit of the ridge is largely covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.Howard, David (2002). Outside Magazine\'s Urban Adventure New York City. W. W. Norton & Company, p. 35. ISBN 0393322122.
Although located at about the same latitude as the much warmer European cities of Naples and Madrid, New York has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification) resulting from prevailing wind patterns that bring cool air from the interior of the North American continent.The Climate of New York. New York State Climate Office. Retrieved on 2007-03-27. New York City has cold winters but the city\'s coastal position keeps temperatures slightly warmer than inland regions, helping to moderate the amount of snow which averages 25 to 35 inches (63.5 to 88.9 cm) each year. New York City has a frost-free period lasting an average of 199 days between seasonal freezes. Spring and autumn in New York City are erratic, and can range from cold and snowy to hot and humid, although they can also be cold or cool and rainy. Summer in New York City is warm and humid, with temperatures of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher recorded on average 18 to 25 days each summer. Though not usually associated with hurricanes, New York City is susceptible to them, notably the 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane which flooded southern Manhattan, and the New England Hurricane of 1938, which brushed the eastern end of the city. The city\'s long-term climate patterns have been affected by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, a 70-year-long warming and cooling cycle in the Atlantic that influences the frequency and severity of coastal storms in the region.Riley, Mary Elizabeth (2006). Assessing the Impact of Interannual Climate Variability on New York City\'s Reservoir System (PDF). Cornell University Graduate School for Atmospheric Science. Retrieved on 2007-03-27.
| Weather averages for New York | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
| Record high °F (°C) | 70 (21) | 72 (22) | 80 (27) | 87 (31) | 97 (36) | 100 (38) | 102 (39) | 100 (38) | 99 (37) | 85 (29) | 81 (27) | 70 (21) | |
| Average high °F (°C) | 36 (2) | 40 (4) | 48 (9) | 58 (14) | 68 (20) | 77 (25) | 83 (28) | 81 (27) | 74 (23) | 63 (17) | 52 (11) | 42 (6) | |
| Average low °F (°C) | 23 (-5) | 24 (-4) | 32 (0) | 42 (6) | 53 (12) | 63 (17) | 68 (20) | 66 (19) | 58 (14) | 47 (8) | 38 (3) | 28 (-2) | |
| Record low °F (°C) | -4 (-20) | -3 (-19) | 5 (-15) | 18 (-8) | 34 (1) | 44 (7) | 49 (9) | 47 (8) | 38 (3) | 27 (-3) | 14 (-10) | 0 (-18) | |
| Precipitation inch (mm) | 3.69 (93.7) | 2.94 (74.7) | 4.08 (103.6) | 4.06 (103.1) | 4.48 (113.8) | 3.45 (87.6) | 4.17 (105.9) | 4.05 (102.9) | 4.05 (102.9) | 3.50 (88.9) | 4.00 (101.6) | 3.86 (98) | |
| Source: Average Weather for New York, NY - Temperature and Precipitation (English). The Weather Channel. Retrieved on February 25, 2008. | |||||||||||||
Mass transit use in New York City is the highest in United States and gasoline consumption in the city is at the rate the national average was in the 1920s.Jervey, Ben (2006). The Big Green Apple: Your Guide to Eco-Friendly Living in New York City. Globe Pequot Press. ISBN 0762738359. New York City\'s dense population and low automobile dependence help make New York among the most energy efficient in the United States.Owen, David. "Green Manhattan", The New Yorker, October 18 2004. The city\'s greenhouse gas emission levels are relatively low when measured per capita, at 7.1 metric tons per person, below the national average, 24.5. New Yorkers are collectively responsible for one percent of the nation\'s total greenhouse gas emissionsInventory of New York City Greenhouse Gas Emissions (PDF). New York City Office of Long-term Planning and Sustainability (April 2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-11. though comprising 2.7% of the nation\'s population. The average New Yorker consumes less than half the electricity used by a resident of San Francisco and nearly one-quarter the electricity consumed by a resident of Dallas.Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases. PlaNYC / The City of New York (2006-12-06). Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
In recent years the city has focused on reducing its environmental impact. Large amounts of concentrated pollution in New York City lead to high incidence of asthma and other respiratory conditions among the city\'s residents.Coburn, Jason, Jeffrey Osleeb, Michael Porter (June 2006). "Urban Asthma and the Neighbourhood Environment in New York City". Health & Place 12(2): pp. 167–179. PMID 16338632. The city government is required to purchase only the most energy-efficient equipment for use in city offices and public housing.DePalma, Anthony. "It Never Sleeps, but It\'s Learned to Douse the Lights", The New York Times, December 11, 2005. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. New York has the largest clean air diesel-hybrid and compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country, and some of the first hybrid taxis.A Century of Buses in New York City. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved on 2006-11-17. See also Sierra Club (July 1, 2005). "New York City\'s Yellow Cabs Go Green". Press release. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. The city is also a leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings, including the Hearst Tower among others.Pogrebin, Robin. "7 World Trade Center and Hearst Building: New York\'s Test Cases for Environmentally Aware Office Towers", The New York Times, April 16, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed.Current Reservoir Levels. New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Retrieved on 2007-06-04. As a result of the watershed\'s integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration process, New York is one of only five major cities in the United States with drinking water pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants.Miele, Joel A., Sr (November 20, 1998). "Maintaining Water Quality that Satisfies Customers: New York City Watershed Agricultural Program". International Water Supply Symposium Tokyo 1998, New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Retrieved on 2006-11-17. ; New York City 2005 Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report (PDF). New York City Department of Environmental Protection (2005). Retrieved on 2006-07-17.
A panoramic view of New York City from the 86th floor observation deck of the Empire State Building.
The Empire State Building (right) and Chrysler Building, are some of the finest examples of Art Deco architecture.
The building form most closely associated with New York City is the skyscraper that saw New York buildings shift from the low-scale European tradition to the vertical rise of business districts. New York City has about 4493 skyscrapers, more than any other city in the world. Surrounded mostly by water, the city\'s residential density and high real estate values in commercial districts saw the city amass the largest collection of individual, free-standing office and residential towers in the world.About New York City. Emporis. Retrieved on 2007-03-21.
New York has architecturally significant buildings in a wide range of styles. These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing able to be read from street level several hundred feet below. The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setback in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below.Fischler, Raphael (1998). "The Metropolitan Dimension of Early Zoning: Revisiting the 1916 New York City Ordinance". Journal of the American Planning Association 64(2). The Art Deco design of the Chrysler Building (1930), with its tapered top and steel spire, reflected the zoning requirements. The building is considered by many historians and architects to be New York\'s finest building, with its distinctive ornamentation such as replicas at the corners of the 61st floor of the 1928 Chrysler eagle hood ornaments and V-shaped lighting inserts capped by a steel spire at the tower\'s crown.Favorites! 100 Experts Pick Their top 10 New York Towers. The Skyscraper Museum (January 22, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-04-11. A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its facade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building\'s structure. The Condé Nast Building (2000) is an important example of green design in American skyscrapers.
The character of New York\'s large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses, townhouses, and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930.Plunz, Richar A. (1990). "Chapters 3 [Rich and Poor] & 4 [Beyond the Tenement]", History of Housing in New York City: Dwelling Type and Change in the American Metropolis. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231062974. Stone and brick became the city\'s building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835.Lankevich (1998), pp. 82–83; Wilson, Rufus Rockwell (1902). New York: Old & New: Its Story, Streets, and Landmarks. J.B. Lippincott, p. 354. Unlike Paris, which for centuries was built from its own limestone bedrock, New York has always drawn its building stone from a far-flung network of quarries and its stone buildings have a variety of textures and hues.B. Diamonstein–Spielvoegel, Barbaralee (2005). The Landmarks of New York. Monacelli Press. ISBN 1580931545. See also Whyte, William H. (1939). The WPA Guide to New York City. New Press. ISBN 1565843215. A distinctive feature of many of the city\'s buildings is the presence of wooden roof-mounted water towers. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could burst municipal water pipes.Elliot, Debbie (2006-12-02). Wondering About Water Towers. National Public Radio. Retrieved on 2007-04-11. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, including Jackson Heights in Queens, which became more accessible with expansion of the subway.Hood, Clifton (2004). 722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and how They Transformed New York. Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 175–177.
New York City has over 28,000 acres (113 km²) of municipal parkland and 14 miles (22 km) of public beaches.Mayor Giuliani Announces Amount of Parkland in New York City has Passed 28,000 acres (Template:Convert/km²) Mark. New York City Mayor\'s Office (February 3, 1999). Retrieved on 2007-06-06.; Beaches. New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. This parkland is augmented by thousands of acres of Gateway National Recreation Area, part of the National Park system, that lie within city boundaries. The Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge, the only wildife refuge in the National Park System, alone is over 9,000 acres (36 km²) of marsh islands and water taking up most of Jamaica Bay and included. Manhattan\'s Central Park, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, is the most visited city park in the United States with 30 million visitors each year — 10 million more than Lincoln Park in Chicago, which is 2nd.City Park Facts. The Trust for Public Land, Center for City Park Excellence (June 2006). Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Prospect Park in Brooklyn, also designed by Olmsted and Vaux, has a 90 acre (36 hectare) meadow.General Information. Prospect Park Alliance. Retrieved on 2007-06-06. Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, the city\'s third largest, was the setting for the 1939 World\'s Fair and 1964 World\'s Fair.
New York City is comprised of five boroughs, an unusual form of government used to administer the five constituent counties that make up the city.Benjamin, Gerald, Richard P. Nathan (1990). Regionalism and realism: A Study of Government in the New York Metropolitan Area. Brookings Institute, p. 59. Throughout the boroughs there are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods, many with a definable history and character to call their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States.
The five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, Staten Island
Midtown Manhattan is the largest central business district in the world.
New York City is a global hub of international business and commerce and is one of three "command centers" for the world economy (along with London and Hong Kong).Sassen, Saskia (2001). The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, 2nd edition, Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691070636. The city is a major center for finance, insurance, real estate, media and the arts in the United States. The New York metropolitan area had an estimated gross metropolitan product of $952.6 billion in 2005, the largest regional economy in the United States.The role of metro areas in the U.S. economy (PDF). The United States Conference of Mayors (January 13, 2006). Retrieved on 2006-07-19. The city\'s economy accounts for the majority of the economic activity in the states of New York and New Jersey. Many major corporations are headquartered in New York City, including 44 Fortune 500 companies.NYC Business Climate - Facts & Figures. New York City Economic Development Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-06-08. New York is also unique among American cities for its large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company.Wylde, Kathryn. "Keeping the Economy Growing", Gotham Gazette, January 23, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
New York City is home to some of the nation\'s — and the world\'s — most valuable real estate. 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2 2007 for $510 million, about $1,589 per square foot ($17,104/m²), breaking the barely month-old record for an American office building of $1,476 per square foot ($15,887/m²) set in the June 2007 sale of 660 Madison Avenue.Quirk, James. "Bergen offices have plenty of space", The Record (Bergen County), July 5 2007. Accessed July 5 2007. "On Monday, a 26-year-old, 33-story office building at 450 Park Ave. sold for a stunning $1,589 per square foot, or about $510 million. The price is believed to be the most ever paid for a U.S. office building on a per-square-foot basis. That broke the previous record—set four weeks earlier—when 660 Madison Ave. sold for $1,476 a square foot."
The New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street.
The New York Stock Exchange, located on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ are the world\'s first and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured by average daily trading volume and overall market capitalization.Electronic Finance: Reshaping the Financial Landscape Around the World (PDF). The World Bank (September 2000). Retrieved on 2007-03-27. Financial services account for more than 35% of the city\'s employment income.Orr, James and Giorgio Topa (Volume 12, Number 1, January 2006). Challenges Facing the New York Metropolitan Area Economy (PDF). Current Issues in Economics and Finance - Second District Highlights. New York Federal Reserve. Retrieved on 2007-06-05. Real estate is a major force in the city\'s economy, as the total value of all New York City property was $802.4 billion in 2006.Tentative Assessment Roll: Fiscal Year 2008 (PDF). New York City Department of Finance (January 15, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-21. The Time Warner Center is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city, at $1.1 billion in 2006.
The city\'s television and film industry is the second largest in the country after Hollywood.NYC Film Statistics. Mayor\'s Office of Film, Theatre, and Broadcasting. Retrieved on 2007-06-07. Creative industries such as new media, advertising, fashion, design and architecture account for a growing share of employment, with New York City possessing a strong competitive advantage in these industries.Currid, Elizabeth (2006). "New York as a Global Creative Hub: A Competitive Analysis of Four Theories on World Cities". Economic Development Quarterly 20(4): pp. 330–350. High-tech industries like bioscience, software development, game design, and internet services are also growing, bolstered by the city\'s position at the terminus of several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines.Telecommunications and Economic Development in New York City: A Plan for Action (PDF). New York City Economic Development Corporation (March 2005). Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Other important sectors include medical research and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities.
Times Square has been dubbed as the "Crossroads of the World."
Manufacturing accounts for a large but declining share of employment. Garments, chemicals, metal products, processed foods, and furniture are some of the principal products.Protecting and Growing New York City\'s Industrial Job Base (PDF). The Mayor\'s Office for Industrial and Manufacturing Business (January 2005). Retrieved on 2006-07-19. The food-processing industry is the most stable major manufacturing sector in the city.More Than a Link in the Food Chain (PDF). The Mayor\'s Office for Industrial and Manufacturing Business (February 2007). Retrieved on 2007-02-14. Food making is a $5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents, many of them immigrants who speak little English. Chocolate is New York City\'s leading specialty-food export, with $234 million worth of exports each year.
Tourism is important to New York City, with about 40 million foreign and American tourists visiting each year.NYC Statistics. NYC & Company. Retrieved on 2006-08-03. Major destinations include the Empire State Building, Ellis Island, Broadway theatre productions, museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and other tourist attractions including Central Park, Washington Square Park, Rockefeller Center, Times Square, the Bronx Zoo, New York Botanical Garden, luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues, and events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village, the Tribeca Film Festival, and free performances in Central Park at Summerstage. The Statue of Liberty is a major tourist attraction and one of the most recognizable icons of the United States.Statue of Liberty. New York Magazine. Retrieved on 2006-06-20. Many of the city\'s ethnic enclaves, such as Jackson Heights, Flushing, and Brighton Beach are major shopping destinations for first and second generation Americans up and down the East Coast.
| 2000 Census | NY City | NY State | U.S. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 8,213,839 | 18,976,457 | 281,421,906 |
| Population, percent change, 1990 to 2000 | +9.4% | +5.5% | +13.1% |
| Population density | 26,403/sq mi | 402/sq mi | 80/sq mi |
| Median household income (1999) | $38,293 | $43,393 | $41,994 |
| Bachelor\'s degree or higher | 27% | 27% | 29% |
| Foreign born | 36% | 20% | 11% |
| White | 45% | 68% | 75% |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 37% | 62% | 67% |
| Black | 28% | 16% | 12% |
| Hispanic (any race) | 27% | 15% | 11% |
| Asian | 10% | 6% | 4% |
New York is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated 2005 population of 8,213,839 (up from 7.3 million in 1990). This amounts to about 40% of New York State\'s population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. Over the last decade the city\'s population has been increasing and demographers estimate New York\'s population will reach between 9.2 and 9.5 million by 2030.New York City Population Projections by Age/Sex and Borough, 2000-2030 (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning (December 2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-27. See also Roberts, Sam. "By 2025, Planners See a Million New Stories in the Crowded City", New York Times, February 19, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
New York\'s two key demographic features are its population density and cultural diversity. The city\'s population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²) makes it the most densely populated American municipality with a population above 100,000.US-13S&-CONTEXT=gct United States -- Places and
